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The upper bound of a set S is a number u such that

if x is any element of S, then x ≤ u and

in e is any positive number, no matter how small, then there is some element, y, of S such that y > u - e.

In other words, u is greater than or equal to all members of the set and that no number smaller than u meets that requirement.

For finite sets, u will be the maximum of the set. For infinite sets it is either the maximum or the limiting value of the maximum.

An example of the last type is illustrated by the set {1-(1/2)n, where n is a positive integer}.

The members of the set are {1/2, 3/4, 7/8, 15/16, 31/32, ...} They get closer and closer to 1. But they never actually reach 1 and certainly never exceed 1. 1 is not the maximum of the set in the sense that an element of the set is actually equal to 1, but it is the limiting value for the maximum.

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