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The best way to determine which circuit breaker is for the water heater is with a voltage meter, It is suppose to be only one circuit breaker, but in a faulty application it could be two breakers
There has to be a pull box between every four quarter bends in a conduit run.
The amperage capacity of the main bus bars and the connection of the main breaker to the bus bars.
Breaker boxes do not have fuses associated with them unless the main disconnect is independent from the breaker box. If that is the case both fuses have to be the same in the main disconnect that protects the breaker box.
It means the breaker has been tripped. There are two possible ways to reset it - some have a button on the outlet (there may be several outlets on one circuit, so you may have to look around) the other is the main breaker in your breaker box. You'll need to find a reset the breaker.
The grounding is done through the metal nipple that connects out of the back of the meter base and into the back of the breaker panel.
You do not use a ground wire in the connection from the meter base to the distribution panel. A bonding wire may be required if the service is using PVC conduit.
Service Entrance Conductors.
If your main breaker is open and the utility meter is still measuring current, you probably have another circuit tapped ahead of the main. Usually there will be some sort of junction box with a breaker or fuse in it that is located close to the main panel and probably connected to the main panel with conduit. If you do not see a junction box in close proximity to the main panel then carefully remove the front cover of the main panel and look for a couple smaller wires that are tightened into the cable side of the main breaker. Either that, or check for a few wires that run out of the panel through the same conduit that runs to the meter. Those would be the two most likely terminations used by somebody (previous owner) trying to add a circuit to a full panel. If you can locate that tap, you should be able to follow the wire to determine what the load is. Although I've never heard of a meter measuring current when there is no load on it, you will need to call the utility company if you cannot find a circuit tapped ahead of the main breaker. They own the meter.
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When you refer to a pull box you have to be talking about a conduit system. In a metallic system, no don't have to ground pull boxes. By the fact that it is a metallic system the conduit and associated boxes are already grounded by the connection to the distribution panel. In a PVC conduit system a ground wire has to be pulled so that the load device has a return ground wire to trip the breaker on a ground fault. Pull boxes in a PVC system don't have to be grounded just the last junction box at the load.
Yes you need to shut off the Main water valve. Usually found in the basement or outside the house near the meter. Also you need to shut off the Gas valve located at the water heater, or the Breaker located in the breaker box/ fuse panel. Sometimes the water heater will have its own Switch box, located on the power wire
In the breaker box
you need to strap within 12" of box and not to exceed 4.5" there after
The best way to determine which circuit breaker is for the water heater is with a voltage meter, It is suppose to be only one circuit breaker, but in a faulty application it could be two breakers
A conduit bushing is used when a conduit is terminated in a junction box or enclosure. Its purpose is to provide a smooth rounded surface so that when the wire is pulled into the conduit the insulation on the wire will not be damaged.
When exist a junction box EMT, conduit must be supported within 18 inches.