GALILEO
Aristarchus of Samos
It refers to Copernicus's idea of reconsidering the theory of the universe. Before him, no-one had thought to challenge the accepted ideas. Copernicus's theory was not totally right but he gave the lead to others and eventually a new theory was thrashed out that has been confirmed by later discoveries.
Galileo Galilee
I am not sure they used similes. Copernicus postulated a sun-centered solar system through what today we would call reason and thought experiments. Galileo's careful observations through his telescope confirmed Copernicus's hypothesis.
The sun-centered theory, known as heliocentrism, was confirmed by observations made by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century and further supported by the observations of Galileo Galilei in the 17th century. The idea that the Earth revolves around the sun replaced the previously widely accepted geocentric model.
Nicholas Copernicus 1473-1543 was a Polish priest and astronomer who created an alternative model of the planets which put the Sun at the centre, instead of the Earth as generally accepted at that time.Kepler's model is the one we use today, and it has the Sun at the centre, like the Copernican model, but all the other details of Copernicus's theory were rejected in favour of elliptical orbits.
Yes, Galileo and Newton built upon Copernicus' heliocentric theory of the universe by providing further evidence and support through their own observations and laws of motion. Galileo's telescopic observations confirmed Copernicus' model, while Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation explained the physical principles behind the heliocentric system.
Nicolaus Copernicus, sometime prior to 1473.His findings were later confirmed by Galileo Galilei, in approximately 1610.
Copernicus was not condemned.
Galileo Galilee
Copernicus' parents were Nicolaus Koppernigk - of which 'Copernicus' is the Latin form - and Barbara (Watzenrode).