Water molecules attract each other; energy is required to overcome that attraction. In other words, the change of phase implies a change in potential energy.
This is the latent heat of vaporisation of water, which at standard pressure, is 539 calories (per gram).
For one gram of ice, it takes 11.9 calories to change the temperature to 0°, 80 calories to melt the ice, 100 calories to raise the water temperature to 100°, 540 calories to change the water to steam, and 23 calories to raise the steam temperature to 123°. That's a total of (11.9 + 80 + 100 + 540 + 23) calories or 754.9 calories. So to do the same to 55.6 grams of ice requires 55.6 times as much heat. 754.9 calories times 55.6 equals approximately 41972 calories (about 42 kilocalories).
Simply because - due to the addition of heat, the water molecules in steam are further apart than those in cold water.
There are 4 calories for every gram of carbohydrates. There is also 4 calories per gram of protein and 9 calories per gram of fat. Finally there are 7 calories per gram of alcohol.
Carbohydrates provide 4 calories per gram, fat provides 9 calories per gram and sugar also provides 4 calories per gram.
540 calories are needed to turn one gram of water at 100 degrees celsius to steam.
To raise 1000 grams of water from 50 to 100 degrees requires 50 degrees x 1000 grams of heat, so the answer is 50,000 calories. Water at 100 degrees requires an additional 550 calories to convert 1 gram fully into steam. Therefore the remaining 50,000 calories can convert 50,000/550 grams into steam. So 90.9 grams become steam, and that's the answer.
This is the latent heat of vaporisation of water, which at standard pressure, is 539 calories (per gram).
This information is easy to find. It's on every nutrition information label (as least in the US). 1 gram of carbohydrate = 4 calories 1 gram of protein = 4 calories 1 gram of fat = 9 calories
1 gram of fat = 9 calories
2830 g of water raised through 50 degrees C would use 2830 x 50 calories. But then to boil the water away to steam completely requires another 550 calories per gram, which is 2830 x 550 calories. To convert to Joules, use 4.2 Joules per calorie.
- 80 calories are needed to melt 1 gram of 0°C ice to 1 gram of 0°C water - 640 calories are released when 1 gram of steam at 100°C is condensed to water at 0°C - 80/640 or 1/8 gram of steam at 100°C must be condensed
540 cal
Assume the ice is at 0°C so we just need the energy to bring it from solid to liquid (79.8 calories/gram). Then 100 calories/gram to go from 0°C to 100°C. Then 540 calories/gram to vaporize to steam. Since there are 1000 grams, we can just add up the energy is 719800 calories. If we assume that as long as the steam loses less than 540 calories/gram, then it will remain as steam (and remain at 100°C) then take (719800 calories) divided by (540 calories/gram) to figure how many grams of steam (at 100°C) we need, which is 1333 grams (or 1.333 kg). If, instead, you say that just getting up to 100°C and it just starts to boil is good enough, then you will find that 333 grams (0.333 kg) is enough.
would require more heartmelting 0 c ice turning100 water into steam These terms only appear in links pointing to this page: 500 g500 g c
about 200 calories of heat must be added to 1 gram of ethanol to convert it from a liquid to a gas
60 grams of protein is equal to 240 calories, since 1 gram of protein = 4 calories.