For segments or angles, "congruent" means that they have the same measure.For more complicated figures, such as triangles, "congruent" means that all corresponding sides and angles are congruent.
"Corresponding" means that you make an assignment, from angles and sides of one triangle, to angles and sides of the other triangle. For example, you might label the sides of one triangle a1, b1, c1, and the sides of other triangle a2, b2, c2 - and you consider the "a" sides to be "corresponding".
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Yes.
No. Angles are not congruent. (Triangles may be congruent.)
True. With similar triangles the corresponding angles are equal.
It is given that two triangles are similar. So that the ratio of their corresponding sides are equal. If you draw altitudes from the same vertex to both triangles, then they would divide the original triangles into two triangles which are similar to the originals and to each other. So the altitudes, as sides of the similar triangles, will have the same ratio as any pair of corresponding sides of the original triangles.
In geometry two figures are congruent if they have the same shape and size if they are non congruent they do not have the same shape and size two triangles are congruent if their corresponding sides are all equal in lengh and their corresponding angles are equal in size