A rational number.
Ratio.
The "fraction bar" that we usually call it is actually called the vinculum.
Numerator
Equivalent fractions are fractions that have the same value as another fraction.
There are infinitely many answers. One answer: 110/2 and another: 165/3
184 is an integer, not a fraction.
Ratio.
Informally, you can say the top of the fraction. But the only official name is "numerator".
DIVISOR
DIVIDEND
Another name for an improper fraction (bigger on top).
50%
2/3
1/4 is a fourth or a quarter
12/4 = 3/2.
1/5
Near enough what you describe in the question - except that you say "on" instead of "one". It has no special name.