A mapping.
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A function is a special type of relation. So first let's see what a relation is. A relation is a diagram, equation, or list that defines a specific relationship between groups of elements. Now a function is a relation whose every input corresponds with a single output.
A one-to-one or injective function.
The domain of the inverse of a relation is the range of the relation. Similarly, the range of the inverse of a relation is the domain of the relation.
The same as sexual intercourse. If you don't know that term either, the Wikipedia article on "sexual intercourse" should give you a good overview.
difference between relation sehema and relation instance in dbms