So x4 - 1 is the difference of squares, so x4 - 1 = (x2 - 1)(x2 + 1) = (x + 1)(x - 1)(x2 + 1).
1 and 2
It keeps the same shape and size, but the whole thing rises four units on the paper, as if by magic.
x2-5x+4 = (x-1)(x-4) when factord
(x - 1)(x4 + x3 + x2 + x + 1)
No.
(xn+2-1)/(x2-1)ExplanationLet Y=1+x2+x4+...+xn. Now notice that:Y=1+x2+x4+...+xn=x2(1+x2+x4+...+xn-2)+1Y+xn+2=x2(1+x2+x4+...+xn-2+xn)+1Y+xn+2=x2*Y+1Y+xn+2-x2*Y=1Y-x2*Y=1-xn+2Y(1-x2)=1-xn+2Y=(1-xn+2)/(1-x2)=(xn+2-1)/(x2-1)
x4 +x2 =x2 (x2+1)
(x4 - 2x3 + 2x2 + x + 4) / (x2 + x + 1)You can work this out using long division:x2 - 3x + 4___________________________x2 + x + 1 ) x4 - 2x3 + 2x2 + x + 4x4 + x3 + x2-3x3 + x2 + x-3x3 - 3x2 - 3x4x2 + 4x + 44x2 + 4x + 40R∴ x4 - 2x3 + 2x2 + x + 4 = (x2 + x + 1)(x2 - 3x + 4)
x4 - 1.We can not "solve" this as we have not been told the value of x. However, we can simplify this expression:We have an x and a minus x here which will cancel out. Likewise the x2 and x3 will cancel out with the -x2 and -x3 respectively. This therefore leaves us with just x4 - 1.
It is a polynomial of the fourth degree in X.
Not necessarily.
1 - x4 = (1 - x2)(1 + x2) = (1 - x)(1 + x)(1 + x2) (difference of squares)
Limx→0 [ 1 / (x - 4) + 1 / (x + 4) ] / x = Limx→0 1 / (x2 - 4x) + 1 / (x2 + 4x) = Limx→0 (x2 + 4x) / (x4 - 16x2) + (x2 - 4x) / (x4 - 16x2) = Limx→0 (x2 + 4x - 4x + x2) / (x4 - 16x2) = Limx→0 2x2 / (x4 - 16x2) = Limx→0 2 / (x2 - 16) = 2 / (0 - 16) = -1/8
1
x8-1 becomes (x4 + 1) (x4 - 1) - perfect square and then (x4 + 1) (x2 - 1)(x2 + 1) - perfect square again. and then (x4 + 1)(x2 + 1)(x + 1)(x - 1) - perfect square again
The equation is a quadratic in x2, so using the quadratic formula: x2 = [7 +/- √45]/2 so that x2 = 0.145898 or x2 = 6.854102 then x = √0.145898 = -0.381966 or +0.381966 or x = √6.854102 = -2.618034 or +2.618034