By repeated subtraction. For example 21 divided by 2 : you can take away 2 ten times and you are left with a half of two, so answer ten and a half. They probably assembled tables of divisions.
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I honestly do not know.
The set of whole numbers is not closed under division (by non-zero whole numbers).
Yes. It can divide into lots of numbers. No whole number can divide into it, as it is a prime number, but it can be divided into 34, 51, 68, 85 and so on. It is a factor of all of those and many other numbers, so it can be divided into many numbers.
It has only two factors: ' 1 ' and itself.No other whole numbers divide into it equally.
If you are making use of long division method, the process of dividing a whole number is actually a subset of the process of dividing the decimals. While dividing both you may get a quotient with decimal places. Some exceptions to this do exist in case of whole numbers. Like when you are dividing 100 by 2, the quotient 50 has no decimal places.