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Best way: Use angle addition. Sin(Ax)Cos(Bx) = (1/2) [sin[sum x] + sin[dif x]], where sum = A+B and dif = A-B To show this, Sin(Ax)Cos(Bx) = (1/2) [sin[(A+B) x] + sin[(A-B) x]] = (1/2) [(sin[Ax]Cos[Bx]+sin[Bx]cos[Ax]) + (sin[Ax]cos[-Bx]+sin[-Bx]cos[Ax])] Using the facts that cos[-k] = cos[k] and sin[-k] = -sin[k], we have: (1/2) [(sin[Ax]Cos[Bx]+sin[Bx]cos[Ax]) + (sin[Ax]cos[-Bx]+sin[-Bx]cos[Ax])] (1/2) [(sin[Ax]Cos[Bx]+sin[Bx]cos[Ax]) + (sin[Ax]cos[Bx]-sin[Bx]cos[Ax])] (1/2) 2sin[Ax]Cos[Bx] sin[Ax]Cos[Bx] So, Int[Sin(3y)Cos(5y)dy] = (1/2)Int[Sin(8y)-Sin(2y)dy] = (-1/16) Cos[8y] +1/4 Cos[2y] + C You would get the same result if you used integration by parts twice and played around with trig identities.
sin2 + cos2 = 1 So, (1 - 2*cos2)/(sin*cos) = (sin2 + cos2 - 2*cos2)/(sin*cos) = (sin2 - cos2)/(sin*cos) = sin2/(sin*cos) - cos2/(sin*cos) = sin/cos - cos-sin = tan - cot
To simplify this sort of things, it helps if, first of all, you convert everything to sines and cosines.cos x cot x + tan x (original equation)= cos (cos x / sin x) + (sin x / cos x) (convert to sin and cos)= cos2x / sin x + sin x / cos x (multiplying in the first term)= (sin x cos2x + sin x cos x) / sin x cos x (converting common denominator)= (sin x cos x) (cos x + 1) / (sin x cos x) (factoring the numerator)= cos x + 1 (cancelling factors in numerator and denominator)
== cot(x)== 1/tan(x) = cos(x)/sin(x) Now substitute cos(x)/sin(x) into the expression, in place of cot(x) So now: sin(x) cot(x) cos(x) = sin(x) cos(x) (cos(x)/sin(x) ) sin(x) cos(x) cos(x)/sin(x) The two sin(x) cancel, leaving you with cos(x) cos(x) Which is the same as cos2(x) So: sin(x) cot(x) cos(x) = cos2(x) ===
sec x - cos x = (sin x)(tan x) 1/cos x - cos x = Cofunction Identity, sec x = 1/cos x. (1-cos^2 x)/cos x = Subtract the fractions. (sin^2 x)/cos x = Pythagorean Identity, 1-cos^2 x = sin^2 x. sin x (sin x)/(cos x) = Factor out sin x. (sin x)(tan x) = (sin x)(tan x) Cofunction Identity, (sin x)/(cos x) = tan x.