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y = - 6x2 - 12x - 1 A second degree equation graphs as a parabola, and has only one max or min. At that point, the first derivative y' = 0. dy/dx = - 12x - 12 = 0 - x - 1 = 0 ==> x = - 1 At that point, y = - 6( 1 ) - 12( - 1 ) - 1 = - 6 + 12 - 1 = 5. The max value of the function is 5, and occurs when x = -1.
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Why the second derivative negative for Maxima?
When you solve for the 2nd derivative, you are determining whether the function is concave up/down. If you calculated that the 2nd derivative is negative, the function is concave down, which means you have a relative/absolute maximum, given that the 1st derivative equals 0. To understand why this is, think about the definition of the 2nd derivative. It is a measure of the rate of change of the gradient. At a maximum, the gradient starts positive, becomes 0 at the maximum itself and then becomes negative, so it is decreasing. If the gradient is going down, then its rate of change, the 2nd derivative, must be negative.
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