If the graph is a function, no line perpendicular to the X-axis can intersect the graph at more than one point.
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Not quite. You can use a vertical line test on the graph of the inverse mapping, OR you can use a horizontal line test on the original graph. The horizontal line test is used in the same way.
The term convex function is used in mathematics. It is used to define an interval where the line segment between two points is above the graph, this can both be downward or upward.
The cosine function is used to determine the x component of the vector. The sine function is used to determine the y component. Consider a vector drawn on an x-y plane with its initial point at (0,0). If L is the magnitude of the vector and theta is the angle from the positive x axis to the vector, then the x component of the vector is L * cos(theta) and the y component is L * sin(theta).
A graph of an equation (or function) helps to clarify the behavior of that equation. In this case, the behavior of the graph is just that: it describes how something acts-- for example:Whether it is a straight line or a bending curveHow many times it changes direction and whereWhether the y-value becomes greater or smaller (moves up or down), or stays constant, as it moves from left to rightIf it is discontinuous (skips around without warning, turns sharply, flies up into infinity for a while, or simply vanishes for a short time)What the equation must look like, such as a line for a linear equation (y = mx + b) or a parabola for a quadratic equation (y = ax2 + bx + c)When the equation crosses the x-axis, something that is very useful to know in Algebra and later mathematicsHow fast the equation is increasing or decreasingIn Calculus, a graph can be used to find the derivative of a function, which is a new function that describes the slope of a function at each pointIn general, a graph is a very useful tool to understand how an equation works, and can make encounters with new and unfamiliar forms of equations easier to understand.