Answer: shortest path routing
Which routing protocol depends on the DUAL algorithm to calculate the shortest path to a destination
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Dijkstra
Dijkstra's algorithm is used by the OSPF and the IS-IS routing protocols. The last three letters in OSPF (SPF) mean "shortest path first", which is an alternative name for Dijkstra's algorithm.
OSPF stands for open shortest path first. OSPF is an exterior routing protocol. OSPF uses Path vector routing algorithm.
Dijkstra's algorithm has importance when you are trying to find the shortest path between two points. It's used in the computer networking field where routing protocols, like OSPF, uses it to find the shortest path between routers. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dijkstra%27s_algorithm
Link-state routing algorithms, also known as shortest path first (SPF) algorithms.
"OSPF detects changes in the topology, such as link failures, very quickly and converges on a new loop-free routing structure within seconds. It computes the shortest path tree for each route using a method based on Dijkstra's algorithm, a shortest path first algorithm."
for finding the shortest path
dijkstra's algorithm (note* there are different kinds of dijkstra's implementation) and growth graph algorithm
A practical application is in certain routing protocols, like OSPF. The problem it solves is to search for the "shortest" path to each destination - "shortest" meaning the one that has the lowest "distance" or "metric" according to the criteria used. Dijkstra's algorithm is easy to use and is a good graph search algorithm to use when it is hard to calculate the heuristics.