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The volume of a 1-inch diameter pipe with a length of 1 foot is approximately 0.0137 gallons. This calculation is based on the formula for the volume of a cylindrical pipe (πr^2h) where r is the radius of the pipe (0.5 inches) and h is the length of the pipe in feet.
The pressure of a pipe at a 100-foot height is dependent on the fluid inside the pipe and the acceleration due to gravity. The pressure can be calculated using the equation P = ρgh, where P is the pressure, ρ is the fluid density, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height of the column of fluid.
Let's say that in 1 second, n meters of water come out of the pipe.We have a cylinder of length n, and of an unknown radius.The volume of this cylinder is n*pi*r2, where r is the radius of the circle.We have our equation now: n*pi*r2=1.r2=1/n*pi.r=√(1/n*pi)So, if n meters of water come out of the pipe per second, then you will need a pipe of radius √(1/n*pi) to output 1 cubic meter of water per second.
The main advantage of a direct cold water system in a dwelling is that they are much cheaper to install than an indirect system. Purely because less pipe work is needed and if at all, you will only need a small 110L storage cystern in the roof space. They also provide potable water from all draw off points because all are mains fed. There will also be a good level of pressure in the system. However, when the mains supply pipe is going under maintainance and is shut off, there will be no cold water in the property, and this problem would not occur if the system were indirect, because there would most likely be a 240L cystern in the roofspace so plenty of water if the mains fails, you can be drinking your cuppa while the property next store cant even wash there hands
Activate the fire alarm, close doors, extinguish fire when possible, follow the evacuation plan and evacuate. First of all, keep calm. second try to keep the children calm and take them out of the building on a steady pace