The timer will have terminals associated with it. They may be on a relay socket that the relay plugs into. There will be two terminals used to bring the supply voltage to the relay timer. The load will be connected in series to either an open or closed set of contacts on the relay. The load voltage is controlled by the timer relay.
The operation is, when the timer relay coil is energized the timing circuit in the relay is energized. This starts counting down until the time set point is reached and then the contacts either open or close depending on what set of contacts that you connected the load to.
Some timer relays need to have the timer coil circuit de energized to reset the timing relay, others use a separate input voltage terminal on the relay to reset it without having to de energize the whole relay.
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its propogation delay and wire delay..
I assume you are hard wiring it and not plugging it in. The power coming into the GFCI outlet connects to the line side of the GFCI outlet. If you want the outdoor timer protected by the GFCI then connect the wire going to the timer to the load side of the outlet. If you do not want the timer protected then connect it to the line side. On the back of the GFCI if you look closely you will see Line & Load marked on the back.
The timer has to be multi-pole. The ballast must be connected to the load contacts of the timer. If the timer is a 120 Volt timer, the timer has to run on a 120V. circuit. Loads are loads, and as long as you have a multi-load timer you can hook up whatever you want. If the timer only works on a shared power source (load shares the timer supply) you will need to use a contactor on the load side or the timer.
8-pin 555 timer IC
A: this chip is defined as a timer but it can be used for other reasons and applications.