Usually there is inside the fuse box a metal bolt and nut provided or a rail in case the box itself is made out of plasic. Typically there is a sticker with the earting symbol next to it(http://www.kpsec.freeuk.com/symbol.htm) Join the green/yellow cable to that one, or the color used in your country
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The ground wire is always connected TO the box. In breaker panels there will be a grounding connector for multiple ground wires... that too is connected to the box.
Assuming the wires are the correct gauge for application and breaker you use black and white wires as hot. Put red electrical tape on each end of white wire and connect red and black to the breaker output and bare wire to ground lug in panel. At receptacle connect black and red to hot contacts and bare wire to ground lug.
If you mean 2 bare copper wires those are the ground wires. Tie them together and then connect the light fixture ground wire which will be green or bare copper to those ground wires.
If there is no ground wire connect the ground wire to the neutral wire.
Yes, if it is not an insulated wire. If it is bare copper it is always ground. But the hot and neutral wire are also copper, they are just insulated.
No, you can use #4 bare copper ground wire.