In a residential application it would most likely be used as the breaker for the entire main electric panel or a subpanel feed.
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A 100-A sub-panel would be fed from a 100-A breaker.
For a 100 Amp breaker panel it would be 2 AWG. For 150 Amps it would require 2/0 (2 ought) aluminum wire.
Yes, but they obviously cannot be simultaneously loaded their maximum loads because the 400-amp breaker will blow well before that. Similarly, you can have multiple 100-amp panels fed from a 200-Amp main breaker, knowing that you will NEVER have 100 amps running in all panels at the same time.
The size breaker you use is determined by the size wire used in the circuit. If you use AWG #12/2 wire then use a 20 amp breaker. If you use AWG # 14/2 then use a 15 amp breaker.
In North America the standard sizes for breakers are 15, 20, 30, and 40 amps. The 15 amp size breaker is used in general circuit wiring. The 20 amp size breaker is used for dedicated appliance receptacles, hot water tank and baseboard heating. The 30 amp size breaker is used for a clothes dryer. The 40 amp size breaker is used for the electric range.