This can be easily calculated with the following formula:
Power = Volts * Amps
To re-arrange to answer you question:
amps = power / volts
amps = 500 / 120 = 4.166 amps.
Or here is an online calculator:
http://www.sengpielaudio.com/calculator-ohm.htm
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A 30 volt 90 watt lamp has 3 amps going through it. The series resistor also has 3 amps going through it, by Kirchoff's current law. The voltage across the resistor is 90 volts. With 3 amps, that is 30 ohms. (By the way... The resistor must be rated to carry 270 watts. That is a lot of power for a resistor.)
Depends. Lamps can certainly be built to work on either AC, or DC, or both. But some lamps, particularly those with electronics in them, either a dimmable lamp, or a fluorescent lamp, may only work with one type of electricity.
Using the formula I = W/E, the current of the circuit will be 6.8 amps. As long as the wire is at least a #14 and is protected by a 15 amp two pole breaker There will be no problem. Just make sure that the specifications on the 1500 watt device clearly show that the voltage range is 220 - 240 volts. It certainly can, but it would depend on the fuse rating and existing load on the circuit.
Amperes measure the rate of flow of electricity in a conductor Volts measure electrical pressure Watts measure the amount of energy or work that can be done by Amperes and Volts Relationship: Work = Pressure x Flow or Watts = Volts x Amperes When you know two variables you can calculate the other Formulas - This formula referred to as the West Virginia Formula (W - VA)Watts = Volts x Amps Volts = Watts / Amps Amps - Watts / Volts Refer to link below for more information
No, 12 volts means 12 volts. Anything less will not work and anything more will not work.