The horizontal number line. The one you goofed around with in basic arithmatic.
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In an x-y graph, 'x' has two meanings. Firstly, it can represent a variable whose value can be clearly marked in the horizontal axis. 'x' is the set of numbers displayed on the horizontal axis and implicitly outside the graph too. For example, in the equation 'y=ax+b', x represents a variable. Secondly, it can represent a solution or a specific number of the variable above. For example, when you say 'y=2 when x=3' on the curve, 'x' represents a specify number marked on the horizontal axis. You can interpret which one does the author mean.
Normally x is the horizontal axis and y is the vertical axis
The x-axis is time and the y-axis is velocity.
the horizontal axis
The axis is actually an imaginary line that the Earth spins around. It represents the tilt of the Earth relative to its orbit.