It is a sequence of numbers. That is all. The sequence could be arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, exponential or be defined by a rule that does not fit into any of these categories. It could even be random.
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A sequence of numbers normally follows some rule (unless it is a random sequence) and no rule can be inferred from a single number, however, I can still invent one. My nomination is 984,339.79 as your next number.
Anything you like. You specify whatever rule you like and the resulting set of numbers is the sequence based on that rule.
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, …
Since a given sequence of numbers can be designed to follow any rule, you have to use a system of trial and error to see if you can discover the rule. Sometimes the rule is obvious, sometimes it is extremely complicated. Try to invent a rule which would produce the sequence that you observe.
It is an ordered set of elements. These elements may or may not be numbers, there may or may not be a defining rule - for example a sequence of random numbers.