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Some differential equations can become a simple algebra problem. Take the Laplace transforms, then just rearrange to isolate the transformed function, then look up the reverse transform to find the solution.
The S transform in circuit analysis and design is method for transforming the differential equations describing a circuit in terms of dt into differential equations describing a circuit in terms of ds. With t representing the time domain and s representing the frequency domain.Usually the writing of the time domain equations for the circuit is skipped and the circuit is redrawn in the frequency domain first and the equations are taken directly from this transformed circuit. This is actually much simpler and faster than transforming the time domain equations of the circuit would be.The S transform and Laplace transform are related operations but different; the S transform operates on circuits and describes how they modify signals, the Laplace transform operates on signals.
find Laplace transform? f(t)=sin3t
Fourier transform and Laplace transform are similar. Laplace transforms map a function to a new function on the complex plane, while Fourier maps a function to a new function on the real line. You can view Fourier as the Laplace transform on the circle, that is |z|=1. z transform is the discrete version of Laplace transform.
They are similar. In many problems, both methods can be used. You can view Fourier transform is the Laplace transform on the circle, that is |z|=1. When you do Fourier transform, you don't need to worry about the convergence region. However, you need to find the convergence region for each Laplace transform. The discrete version of Fourier transform is discrete Fourier transform, and the discrete version of Laplace transform is Z-transform.