Yes.
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Rational numbers are closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication. They are not closed under division, since you can't divide by zero. However, rational numbers excluding the zero are closed under division.
No.
The way in which the binary functions, addition and multiplication, are defined on the set of rational numbers ensures that the set is closed under these two operations.
Yes.
No. A number cannot be closed under addition: only a set can be closed. The set of rational numbers is closed under addition.