Yes, sometimes you need to do that.
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In surd form, square roots need to be have the same radical term before you can add or subtract them. However, unlike in algebraic expressions, it is possible to add or subtract square roots using approximate (decimal) values.
The second root would be the negative of the principal root.
Imaginary numbers are only ever used when you are using the square roots of negative numbers. The square root of -1 is i. You may find imaginary numbers when you are finding roots of equations.
In a way. You can multiply top and bottom by the square root of 2. This will not exactly make the expression simpler, but you'll get rid of the square root in the denominator (and transfer it to the numerator); this is considered to be the standard form for expressions which involve square roots. In other words, there should be no square roots in the denominator.
It means it is not an algebraic number. Algebraic numbers include square roots, cubic roots, etc., but more generally, algebraic numbers are solutions of polynomial equations.