Several methods exist. For example: solve one equation for one variable, replace that variable in the other equation. (Two simultaneous equations will often have two variables each.)
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The graphs of the two equations have only one intersection point.
There is no special name. Two totally unrelated equations could have the same solution(s).
simultaneous equations
Solving equations in two unknowns requires two independent equations. Since you have only one equation there is no solution.
An independent system has one solution.