By working out the area inside the 4 cm perimeter.
examples
If that 4 cm is the perimeter around a square of side 1 cm, the area is 1 cm x 1 cm = 1 cm2;
If that 4 cm is the perimeter around a rectangle of sides 0.5 cm, 1.5 cm, 0.5 cm, 1.5 cm, the area is 0.5 cm x 1.5 cm = 0.75 cm2;
If that 4 cm is the perimeter around a circle (normally called the circumference of the circle), the area is 4/π cm2 ≈ 1.27 cm2 (which is the largest area possible);