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Calculate the gradient of the curve which will give the acceleration. Change the sign of the answer to convert acceleration into retardation.
Graph both and where they cross is the answer to both.
Acceleration = (change in velocity) divided by (time for the change)
It is the gradient (slope) of the line.
You cannot find the initial velocity from an acceleration-time graph on its own. What you can do is find the change in velocity over the first T units of time. This is the area under the a-t graph from t = 0 to t = T. This may be a simple calculation of the area of a rectangle or a trapezium or may require integration. But, like all integrations, you end up with an unknown constant - in this case the initial velocity. You must have some additional information - usually a boundary condition - that allows you to find this constant and so the initial velocity.