The Law of Cosines: c^2=a^2 + b^2 -2abcos(ab) , c is the distance between the two points a and b and (ab) is the angle between a and b from the origin. If one point is taken as the origin, and a and b a re taken at right angles to each other, then cos(ab) is zero and you have Pythagora' Theorem..
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-- take the difference between the 'x' values of the two points; square it -- take the difference between the 'y' vales of the two points; square it -- add the two squares together -- take the square root of the sum The result is the distance between the two points.
The slope of a line is the rise divided by the run. In other terms, if, X = the horizontal distance between two points on a line and Y = the vertical distance between the same points, then m = Y/X
ruler
-- Pick two points on the graph. -- Find the difference in time between the two points. -- Find the difference in displacement between the same two points. -- (Difference in displacement) divided by (difference in time) is the average Speed . You can't tell anything about velocity from the graph except its magnitude, because the graph displays no information regarding the direction of motion.
If you know the end points then use the distance formula or simply use a ruler.