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radical equations have sq roots, cube roots etc. Quadratic equations have x2.
It is simply an equation with non-rational solutions. There is no special name for it.
A "radical" equation is an equation in which at least one variable expression is stuck inside a radical, usually a square root. The "radical" in "radical equations" can be any root, whether a square root, a cube root, or some other root. Most of the examples in what follows use square roots as the radical, but (warning!) you should not be surprised to see an occasional cube root or fourth root in your homework or on a test.
The roots of the equation
If the discriminant of the quadratic equation is zero then it will have 2 equal roots. If the discriminant of the quadratic equation is greater than zero then it will have 2 different roots. If the discriminant of the quadratic equation is less than zero then it will have no roots.