Any two corresponding sides in two similar figures have a common ratio called the scale factor.
Since the figures are similar, the ratios of the lengths of corresponding sides of the figures are equal.
1. Match a side of both figures,
2. write the proportions
3. substitute the values
4. Write the cross product
5. Divide both sides by a common factor
6. simplify
7. Convert improper fraction into mixed number
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the figures are similar. Find the value of each variable. solve
Use the fact that the ratios of corresponding sides is the same, and also that corresponding angles have the same measure.
By finding a pattern the first time you solve a problem, then applying this pattern (algorithm) to solve similar problems.
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No, only your brain can. Similar triangles can be used to solve some problems but not others but it is for you to work out - using your brain - whether or not similar triangles are relevant and then to figure out how they might be used.