By in general I assume that you mean without using first principles.
For d/dx of any single term all you do is take the power down to the front and make a new power of the old power minus one:
e.g. d/dx(x2) = 2x(2-1) = 2x
d/dx(3x4) =4.3x(4-1) = 12x3
This also works for fractions and negative numbers:
e.g. d/dx(0.5x-1) = -1 times 0.5x(-1-1) = -0.5x-2.
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If you mean x squared + 9, you differentiate this as follows: Use the differentiation formula for a power, to differentiate the x squared. Separately, use the differentiation formula for a constant, to differentiate the 9. Finally, use the differentiation formula for a sum to add up the parts.
Differentiation lets you find the rate of change of a function. You can use this to find the maximum or minimum values of a differentiable function, which is useful in a lot of optimization problems. It's also necessary for differential equations, which are useful just about everywhere.
Differentiation of funtion is rate of chnage of that funtion.
In people, differentiation occurs during the fetal development in the uterus.
integration is reverse of differentiation and vice versa