The sine function is used in trigonometric calculations when attempting to find missing side lengths of a right triangle. The sine of an angle in a triangle is equal to the length of the side opposite of that angle divided by the length of the hypotenuse of the triangle. Using this fact you can calculate the length of the hypotenuse if you know an angle measure and the length of one leg of the triangle. You can also calculate the length of a leg of the triangle if you know an angle measure and the length of the hypotenuse.
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sine and cosine
Sine ratio = opposite/hypotenuse
sin stands for sine cos stands for cosine and tan stands for tangent
Trigonometry
Yes, sine, cosine, tangent definitions are based on right triangles