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Standard deviation of 0 can only be attained if all observations are identical. That is, the variable in question has just one possible value so statistical considerations are irrelevant.
Smoking, eating, drinking, and brushing the teeth can affect test results, as can the way in which the person puts saliva on the slide.
Correlation analysis seeks to establish whether or not two variables are correlated. That is to say, whether an increase in one is accompanied by either an increase (or decrease) in the other most of the time. It is a measure of the degree to which they change together. Regression analysis goes further and seeks to measure the extent of the change. Using statistical techniques, a regression line is fitted to the observations and this line is the best measure of how changes in one variable affect the other variable. Although the first of these variables is frequently called an independent or even explanatory variable, and the second is called a dependent variable, the existence of regression does not imply a causal relationship.
anything that is not being tested in an experiment but may affect the results that you get.
The sample size determines the accuracy of results in an experiment