Rational: yes. Natural: no.
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5 = 5/1 is a rational number
Yes.
Yes, -1/2 is a rational number
One-half is rational because it can be expressed as a quotient of two integers (one divided by two).
Every irrational number is NOT a rational number. For example, sqrt(2) is irrational but not rational. A natural number is a counting number or a whole number, such as 1, 2, 3, etc. A rational number is one that can be expressed as a ratio of two whole numbers, which may be positive or negative. So, -2 is a rational number but not a counting number (it is an integer, though). Also, 2/3 is a rational number but not a whole, counting number or a natural number.