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A rectangular prism has a rectangular cross section whereas a cylinder has a circular cross section
find the strength of the member subject to bending or shear. Moment of inertia is used to find radius of gyratia or flexural regidity so that member strength flexural stress is found
A cylinder has a circular cross section that is parallel to its base.
Introduction of Arches reduces the bending moment at cross sections due to presence of horizontal force at the support whenever bridge is loaded and thus requirement of cross section is lesser. When triangles are easy to propagate and can have tension/compression only if used as 2-point member in bridges (forces acts only the end of any member not in between), Due to absence of bending moment it also reduces the cross-section requirement. Therefore, if we introduce arches and triangles cross section requirements of each small member get reduced.
trapezoidal cross section