Multiplying by two is the same thing as adding the number to itsself again.
2 (4) = 4 + 4
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Mulitplying is really just a form of addition. Multiplying by 2 is the same as adding a number to itself (or adding doubles). For example: 4X2 is the same as 4 + 4 = 8 The X2 part of the multiplication problem means that you are adding doubles or 4 to itself. So any problem with X2 would be the same as adding doubles: 5X2 = 5 + 5 = 10 6X2 = 6 + 6 = 12 7X2 = 7 + 7 = 14 ...and so on. So if you can add doubles you already know how to multiply any number by 2.
Think about it.... there are 2 sticks: | | you multiply by 2(basically adding 2 more) | | x | | = Same with addition
Because, if you want to multiply say 2*4=8 that is the same as doing 4+4=8 or 4 two times. It's the same with all numbers!
As 5 = 10 ÷ 2: I usually multiply by 10 (by shifting the decimal point one digit to the right, adding a zero if it was originally at the end of the number) and then dividing by 2.
Adding a negative number is equivalent to subtracting a positive number. For example, adding -3 is the same as subtracting 3. Subtracting a negative number is equivalent to adding a positive number. For example, subtracting -3 is the same as adding 3. The rule to remember is that when you have a negative sign in front of a number, it actually changes its sign.