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(-y, x) is generally a point in the Cartesian plane - not a vector nor a scalar. You can have a vector going from any point in the plane to the point (-y, x) but that is not the same thing.
Yes. This is the basis of cartesian vector notation. With cartesian coordinates, vectors in 2D are represented by two vectors, those in 3D are represented by three. Vectors are generally represented by three vectors, but even if the vector was not in an axial plane, it would be possible to represent the vector as the sum of two vectors at right angles to eachother.
It is a translation on the Cartesian plane
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Generally vectors are displayed in parenthesis with the vector components separated by a comma. If there are vectors within another vector then brackets are used for the internal vector.