like terms
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They are known as like terms.
No, 12x and 14y are not like terms. Like terms are terms that have the same variable raised to the same power. In this case, 12x has a variable x raised to the first power, while 14y has a variable y raised to the first power. Since the variables are different, they are not considered like terms.
They are terms in which each of the variables is raised to the same power (or exponent).
They are "like terms".
"Like terms" are terms whose variables (and their exponents such as the 2 in x2) are the same. In other words, terms that are "like" each other.