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For a car with good brakes and a length of 4m, a dry road with a driver with average reaction time it will take approximately 36m/118 feet/nine car lengths for it to stop. This can be divided up into two sections the thinking distance/reaction distance of 12m and a braking distance of 24m. Like the previous answer stated the braking distance can be changed depending on the road surface type and weather conditions or if the car is fitted with an Anti-lock Braking System Thinking distance can be increased by drinking alcohol or taking some types of drugs.
Rather than remembering a list of the distances, you can calculate them instead using this method. It works for calculating the distances in feet. For example going 20mph has a factor of 2. Multiply the speed by the factor (2) to get 40 feet on a dry surface. Each increase in speed by 10mph increases the factor by 0.5. So if you are traveling at 60mph, the factor is 4.5 giving a stopping distance of 315 feet.
Can't answer without the distance to target.
Stopping distances are measured in feet not in seconds. At 40 mph you're traveling 58.7 feet per second. The average driver reaction time is about 3/4 second which equates to 44 feet. After applying the brakes it will take approximately 82 feet to stop the vehicle. The total stopping distance for a car traveling 40 mph will be 126 feet when you include reaction time and actual stopping distance of the vehicle. If you divide 126' x 58.7' which is the distance traveled per second you get 2.14 seconds. This is assuming you're paying attention and have average reaction time while driving.
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