A function is an equation that gives a unique answer. A relation does not.
Example: y = 3x + 1 is a function. If I give you x, you can determine y. And that y is unique to that x. So if x = 1, you know y = 4. No other of x gives y = 4 as an answer. So y = 3x + 1 is a function.
Example: y = 4x2. So if I give you x = 1, y = 4. But y = 4 if I also give you x = -1. So y = 4x2 is not a function, it is a relation.
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Not every relation is a function. But every function is a relation. Function is just a part of relation.
A function is a relation whose mapping is a bijection.
No. A relation is not a special type of function.
Good question. A relation is simply that; any x-value to create any y-value. A function, however, cannot be defined for multiple values of x. In other words, for a relation to be a function, it must have singular values for all x within its domain.
A relation has pairs of numbers. A function is a special relation where for each input there is one and only one output.