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A factor of a composite number need not be a prime number, some factors are themselves composite. Prime factorisation is continuing to factorise each factor unless it is a prime. For example, start with 30. 6 goes into 30 so finding a factor is satisfied by simply identifying 6 as a factor of 30. Now 30 = 5*6 where 5 is a prime, but 6 is not so we need to factorise 6. 6 = 2*3 and therefore, 30 = 5*2*3 = 2*3*5 The last is the prime factorisation of 30.
2 84 3 12 3 4 2 2
46 2,23 2 x 23 = 46
You start finding one factor. Divide by that factor, to get another factor. Continue looking for smaller factors, until you only have prime numbers. For numbers up to 120, it is enough to check the prime factors 2, 3, 5, and 7.
No. The smallest prime factor is 2.