In computer programming, variables refer to a particular location in the memory that holds a value. Variables are equivalent to their assigned values.
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In programming, variables change all the time. In scientific testing you control variables to determine what other changes occur.
Linear programming can be used to solve problems requiring the optimisation (maximum or minimum) of a linear objective function when the variables are subject to a linear constraints.
It is a process by which a linear function of several variables, called the objective function, is maximised or minimised when it is subject to one or more linear constraints in the same variables.
It is a programming problem in which the objective function is to be optimised subject to a set of constraints. At least one of the constraints or the objective functions must be non-linear in at least one of the variables.
The values of the variables will satisfy the equality (rather than the inequality) form of the constraint - provided you are not dealing with integer programming.