Along with an associated 'degrees of freedom' these values can be used to give the probability of deviation from some model under the null hypothesis. For example, suppose the chi-square value proved to be 13.5 on df=6. Various sources give the value of the chi-square distribution function for this particular outcome. Let me use the Python (language) library scipy.
>>> chi2.cdf(13.5,6)
0.96425158157771951
This indicates that one would expect to see a value this large only about 0.036 or 3.6% of the time, given the truth of the null hypothesis. One would have some grounds for rejecting that hypothesis.
The characteristics of the chi-square distribution are: A. The value of chi-square is never negative. B. The chi-square distribution is positively skewed. C. There is a family of chi-square distributions.
No.
It is the value of a random variable which has a chi-square distribution with the appropriate number of degrees of freedom.
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The characteristics of the chi-square distribution are: A. The value of chi-square is never negative. B. The chi-square distribution is positively skewed. C. There is a family of chi-square distributions.
A reduced chi-square value, calculated after a nonlinear regression has been performed, is the is the Chi-Square value divided by the degrees of freedom (DOF). The degrees of freedom in this case is N-P, where N is the number of data points and P is the number of parameters in the fitting function that has been used. I have added a link, which explains better the advantages of calculating the reduced chi-square in assessing the goodness of fit of a non-linear regression equation. In fitting an equation to the data, it is possible to also "over fit", which is to account for small and random errors in the data, with additional parameters. The reduced chi-square value will increase (show a worse fit) if the addition of a parameter does not significantly improve the fit. You can also do a search on reduced chi-square value to better understand its importance.
No.
The null hypothesis in a chi-square goodness-of-fit test states that the sample of observed frequencies supports the claim about the expected frequencies. So the bigger the the calculated chi-square value is, the more likely the sample does not conform the expected frequencies, and therefore you would reject the null hypothesis. So the short answer is, REJECT!
It is the value of a random variable which has a chi-square distribution with the appropriate number of degrees of freedom.
Critical values of a chi-square test depend on the degrees of freedom.
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How, i want to know too
A chi-square statistic can be large if either there is a large difference between the observed and expected values for one or more categories. However, it can also be large if the expected value in a category is very small. In the first case, it is likely that the data are not distributed according to the null hypothesis. In the second case, it can often mean that that, because of low expected values, adjacent categories need to be combined before the chi-square statistic is calculated.
The larger the difference, the larger the value of chi-square and the greater the likelihood of rejecting the null hypothesis
For each category, you should have an observed value and an expected value. Calculate (O-E)2 / E for each cell. Add the values across the categories. That is your chi-square test statistic.
There must be some value otherwise nobody would do them. On that basis, the value must be positive.