An equals sign.
It COULD have variables, but they are not necessary.
For example:
1 + 1 = 2
2 + 2 = 4
2x = 8
y = 4x
y = x2 + 2x + 1
y = 4 (0.5)x
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Identity equation
Seems to me like if it's not always true, then it's no equation.
no
will always begin with an equal sign
When in doubt always square both sides of the equation.