The weight of 1 foot of steel rod would depend on the diameter of the rod.
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First of all we need to define the cross sectional area of the rod. If it is a cylinder rod we would use pi * r^2, Do this metrically to make things easy (metres). next we times that by a ft (in metric it is 30cm) so do: cross sectional area * 0.3m. this is the volume of the steel per foot. now find out the weight per cubic cm (density) and multiply them. To find mass of a material you need to weigh it, or times its relative atomic mass by the number of moles. You'll have to find the density of your steel as you havn't specified what kind and there isn't a 'pure' steel as its an alloy.
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This depends on what type of steel. The density of carbon steel (one of the most common types of steel) is 7.85g/cm3Density = m/vradius of rod = 3.25mm (radius is 1/2 of diameter)3.25mm = .325 cm1 meter = 100cmvolume of cylinder = (pi)(radius)^2(h) = 33.18Density * Volume = mass7.85 * 33.18 = 260.46260.46 grams
It will bend at any load greater than zero. It is just a question of how much. In your example the rod will bend 0.007 inches under 10 pounds, 0.07 inches under 100 pounds, etc.
To find the weight of the rod, take its volume ( pi * radius2 * length for a cylindrical rod, make sure height and radius are the same unit) and multiply by the substance's density. In this case, assuming the diameter is 20 mm, 3.14 * 102 (the radius) * 1000 (1 meter = 1,000 mm) = 314,000 cubic centimeters. Steel's density is around 7.85 grams / cm3, so multiplying the two yields 2464900 grams or 2,464.900 kilograms (2,460 with significant digits depending on convention).