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The raw score is any value that is observed.
Yes.z = (raw score - mean)/standard error.Since the standard error is positive, z < 0 => (raw score - mean) < 0 => raw score < mean.
IQ is distributed normally, with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. The z-score of 100 is therefore:(value-mean)*standard deviation= (100-100)*15= 0More generally, a raw score that is equivalent to the mean of a normal distribution will always have a z-score of 0.
yes
The mean is the average value and the standard deviation is the variation from the mean value.