i think its called binary.
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In The Middle Of 19th Century ,an English mathematician George Boole developed rules for manipulations of binary variables, known as Boolean Algebra. This is the basis of all digital systems like computers, calculators etc. 0and 0=0 0 and 1=0 1 and 0=0 1 and 1=1. He did not develop his Boolean Algebra until he became a professor in Ireland. (Cork I think.) There is a well developed article in wikipedia.org.
Digital
There is no such difference. All digital computers have elements that basically work with two different states; these are commonly called 1s and 0s, sometimes "true"and "false". But there is no difference in this sense between IBM and Apple.
Nano
Binary