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What is the directional and non-directional hypothesis testing?
In statistical hypothesis testing you have a null hypothesis against which you are testing an alternative. The hypothesis concerns one or more characteristics of the distribution. It is easier to illustrate the idea of directional and non-directional hypothesis. In studying the academic abilities of boys and girls the null hypothesis would be that boys and girls are equally able. One directional hypothesis would be that boys are more able. The non-directional alternative would be that there is a gender difference. You have no idea whether boys are more able or girls - only that they are not the same.
What preposition is the opposite of to?
The opposite directional preposition is from.
What is directional hypothesis?
A non-directional hypothesis only proposes a relationship. In contrast, a directional hypothesis also proposes a direction in the relationship. For example, when one variable increases, the other will decrease.
What is the physical interpretation of gradient of a scalar field and directional derivative and its application?
If you think of it as a hill, then the gradient points toward the top of the hill. With the same analogy, directional derivatives would tell the slope of the ground in a direction.
How do you determine directional or non-directional alternate hypotheses?
Whether you frame your alternative hypothesis, Ha, as one-sided (directional) or two-sided (non-directional) is really up to you, but should be decided before you look at the data. It will affect the calculation of your p-value and ultimately your conclusions from the test. In most cases there will be a sound, obvious reason for choosing one or the other.For example, if you were testing the effectiveness of a new anti-cholesterol drug you'd probably only be interested in testing whether the average of the experimental group was lower than the control group. So Ha is directional, or one sided. If on the other hand you were testing, for example, whether a Group A performed better on a test than Group B, your Ha would be that the average of Group A does not equal Group B. That is, you're not sure, before you run the test, whether Group A should perform better or worse than Group B. So your test is non-directional, or two-sided.
