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The number of atoms that decay in a certain time is proportional to the amount of substance left. This naturally leads to the exponential function. The mathematical explanation - one that requires some basic calculus - is that the only function that is its own derivative (or proportional to its derivative) is the exponential function (or a slight variation of the exponential function).
Temperature Radio Active decay interest % population % Projectile of a ball exponential decay or growth depreciation %
Exponential growth is when the amount of something is increasing, and exponential decay is when the amount of something is decreasing.
No, the equation y = 102x is not exponential. An exponential function is of the form y = a * b^x, where a and b are constants. In this case, the equation y = 102x is a linear function, as it represents a straight line with a slope of 102 and no exponential growth or decay.
They are incredibly different acceleration patterns. Exponential growth is unbounded, whereas exponential decay is bounded so as to form a "dynamic equilibrium." This is why exponential decay is so typical of natural processes. To see work I have done in explaining exponential decay, go to the page included in the related links.