a point on a graph where if the graph is transformed the point stays the same.
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If the coefficients of the linear differential equation are dependent on time, then it is time variant otherwise it is time invariant. E.g: 3 * dx/dt + x = 0 is time invariant 3t * dx/dt + x = 0 is time variant
It is a part of a mathematical object which does not change when the object undergoes a transformation.
they all add to 360 degrees and opposite angles are the same
In a perturbed system, writing the equations of motion in a form where the contribution of fast variables is replaced by their average on the corresponding invariant torus.
Mach velocities are all relative to the speed of sound in that gas, at that density. Mach 1 = the speed of sound. Mach 2 = twice the speed of sound. It does not have an invariant conversion into miles per minute.