Spliting up of vector into its rectangular components is called resolution of vector
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the difference between resultant vector and resolution of vector is that the addition of two or more vectors can be represented by a single vector which is termed as a resultant vector. And the decomposition of a vector into its components is called resolution of vectors.
it converts sine/cosine sensor signals with a selectable resolution and hysteresis into angle position data.
Vector addition derives a new vector from two or more vectors. The sum of two vectors, A = (a, b) and B = (c,d), is given as S = A+B = (a+c, b+d). Vector resolution should be called something like vector decomposition. It is simply the operation of taking a vector A and writing the components of that vector, (a,b). It's very easy to determine the horizontal and vertical component vectors using trigonometric identities. The vector A starts at the origin and ends at a point (a, b), vector resolution is the method for determining a and b. The lengths a and b can be computed by knowing the length of the original vector A (the magnitude or A) and the angle from the horizontal, theta: a = A*cos(theta), b = A*sin(theta). Going in the other direction, the vector A can be reconstructed knowing only a and b. The magnitude is given by A = sqrt(a*a + b*b). The angle theta is given by solving cos(theta) = a/A (or sin(theta) = b/A). And, in fact, if you take the component vectors a and b, their sum gives the original vector, A = a + b, where a should be thought of as a*i and b = b*j where i and j are unit vectors in x and y directions.Vector addition is when you add two or more vectors together to create a vector sum.
The related question has a nice detail of this. Each vector is resolved into component vectors. For 2-dimensions, it is an x-component and a y-component. Then the respective components are added. These added components make up the resultant vector.
Vector addition does not follow the familiar rules of addition as applied to addition of numbers. However, if vectors are resolved into their components, the rules of addition do apply for these components. There is a further advantage when vectors are resolved along orthogonal (mutually perpendicular) directions. A vector has no effect in a direction perpendicular to its own direction.